1) The niat of make up (qadha) fasting and 6 days of sunat fasting in Shawal. Can both be combined?

It is sunat to fast 6 days in Shawal. If a person makes up (qadha) the fasting days that were missed in the month of Shawal, the person has paid the missed fasting days of Ramadhan and will get the sunat of Shawal fasting just by having the niat to make up (qadha) and the niat of sunat fasting is not required because fasting 6 days in Shawal is sunat (non-obligatory).

2) A mother gave birth in the fasting month and later made up (qadha) only half of the missed fasting days and the balance is made up (qadha) by her husband?

The making up (qadha) of the missed fasting days must be carried out by the wife. The husband cannot do it for her.

3) A woman missed several days of Ramadhan fasting for a certain reason. Can she perform the 6 days of sunat fasting before making up (qadha) the missed fasting days?

She must make up (qadha) the missed fasting days first. If she does this in the month of Shawal, she will get the sunat of 6 days fasting without having to do it separately.

4) Can I pay fidyah on behalf of my mother because she is categorised as the poor?

A child can pay fidyah for his mother, fasting fidyah can be paid on behalf of the mother who can’t afford to pay it.